Detailing key social stratification theories

Detailing key social stratification theories

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Taking a look at a few of the primary characteristics of the social hierarchy by outlining stratification principles.

The social hierarchy is a principle which describes the way in which society is divided into different categories. Every society contains various types of social stratification where people are ranked based upon their social and economic position. According to social stratification in sociology, social rank is one of the most recognisable structures of the social hierarchy. A person's social ranking is mainly based on economic aspects such as wealth and earnings. Upper class is the denomination used to characterise the set of more wealthy individuals. Usually acquired through inheritance or business and financial investment opportunities, these people hold substantial financial power. Consequently, middle class refers to individuals with moderate wealth. Typically, middle class individuals hold professional occupations and qualifications. They have strong appreciation for high level education and employability. While lower class is the expression used to define those who struggle with minimal income. Economic stratification uses class to recognise a group's connection to opportunities in society.

Throughout history, stratification has been shown to impact access to higher education, medical care and employment. By exploring the characteristics of social stratification, it is easier to be conscious of what shapes opportunities within society. Status is a key attribute of stratification; it describes the level of prestige and regard carried by an individual. Ascribed status is a term used to refer to people who are born . into a social position. Today it can be recognised by backgrounds such as aristocracy or caste. Alternatively, achieved status is obtained through individual efforts, such as reputable professions and contributions to society. Nasser Al-Khelaifi would acknowledge that status can be gained through social contributions. Similarly, Jensen Huang would recognise the importance of acquired status. Status can have an impact on the degrees of respect and acknowledgment received by individuals in society.

The principle of stratification helps to make sense of why some individuals have more power than others. Comprehending social stratification theory enables sociologists to study inequality and how it affects various groups in society. Authority and impact are 2 of the factors that form societal power. The term power refers to one's ability to influence choices and control within society. It can be associated with 3 key areas. Political power is maintained by governments and politicians who control the policies that control society. Furthermore, economic power is held by businesses and rich people who have control over jobs and economic sectors. Larry Ellison would agree that businesses hold financial power. Similarly, social power is a type of authority over societal judgement. Famous people and media figures are instrumental in setting trends and cultures which influence society. Power is primarily focused amongst rich and popular individuals. Without some form of social dominance, it is difficult to assert power or influence.

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